Itā€™s been more than 70 years, but Russia and Japan still havenā€™t worked out a peace treaty over World War II, thanks to the Kuril Islands. The Russian and Japanese foreign ministers met in Moscow on Jan. 14 to discuss concluding a treaty on the disputed islands thatā€™s been in the works since 1956. Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe and Russian President Vladimir Putin agreed last fall to tackle the issue, but with no guarantees. Negotiations have yet to produce any changes, and Tokyo and Moscow still have significant differences over the treaty.

According to the Soviet-Japanese Joint Declaration of 1956, Moscow would discuss transferring the islands of Shikotan and Habomai to Japan, contingent on the signing of a peace treaty over World War II. Japan, however, will consider signing such a treaty with Russia only once territorial issues are resolved. Today, Tokyo insists on the return of Iturup, Kunashir and Shikotan islands, along with the Habomai archipelago, to Japanese control. These islandsā€™ position enables Russia to claim the Sea of Okhotsk as internal waters, and Moscow continues to demand that Tokyo recognize its claim to them. Russia refuses to discuss the sovereignty of the Kuril Islands, since transferring the contested islands ā€“ Iturup and Kunashir, in particular ā€“ would undermine its position in the Far East.

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Geopolitical Futures
Geopolitical Futures (GPF) was founded in 2015 by George Friedman, international strategist and author of The Storm Before the Calm and The Next 100 Years. GPF is non-ideological, analyzes the world and forecasts the future using geopolitics: political, economic, military and geographic dimensions at the foundation of a nation.