On Sept. 19-20, coordinated cyberattacks disabled airport check-in systems across Europe, stranding passengers and forcing airports onto manual backups. It was the most visible case in a rising tempo of disruptions targeting European infrastructure last month. Cyber operations are often considered to occupy a “lower rung” on the so-called escalation ladder, but this is an […]
How Cyber Escalation Is Changing Conflict
Escalation today is measured less by the weapons employed than by the systems disabled.
